Muslim Invntions That Made The World Modern

        "Muslims Inventions"

Along the first university, and even the toothbrush. it is surprising Muslim invention that have shaped the world we live in today. Let's have a brief look at these outstanding contribution of muslim geniuuses to the modern world:

  

 Surgery

 

Around the year 1,000 the celebrated doctor Al Zahrawi published a 1,500-page illustrated encyclopedia of surgery that was used in Europe as a medical reference for the next 500 years. among his many inventions, Zahrawi discovered the use of dissolving cat gut to stitch wounds-beforehand a second surgery had to be perform to remove sutures. He also performed the first caesarean operation and created the first pair of forceps.

A Muslim surgery in Egypt

 

Coffee

 

An Arab/Ethiopian named Khalid was tending his goats in the Kaffa region of southern Ethiopia, when he noticed his animals became livelier after eating a certain berry. He boiled the berries to make the fist coffee. Certainly the first record of the drink is of beans exported from Ethiopia to Yemen where Sufis drank it to stay awake all night to pray on special occasions by the late 15th century, it had arrived in mecca and Turkey from where it made it's way Venice in 1645. It was brought to England in 1650 by a Turk named Pasqua Rosee who opened the first coffee house in Lombard street in the city of London.

The Arabic qahwa became the Turkish kahve then the Italian Caffe & and then the English coffee. 

 Music

Muslim musicians have had a profound impact on Europe, dating back to Charlemagne who tried to complete with the music  of Baghdad and Cordoba. Among many instruments that arrived in Europe through the Middle East are the lute and the rehab, an ancestor of the violin. Modern musical scales are also said to be derived from the Arabic alphabet.

Algebra

The world algebra comes from the topic of Persian mathematician's famous "Kitab al-jabr wa-l-Muqabala" which translates roughly as " The Book Of Reasoning And Balancing." Built on the roots of Greek and Hindu system, the new algebraic order was unifying system for rational numbers,irrational numbers and geometrical magnitudes. The same mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi was also the first to introduce the concept of raising a number to a power.

     

Chess

A form of chess was played in ancient India but the game was developed into the form we know it today in Persia. From there it spread westward to Europe-where it was introduced by the moors in Spain in the 10th century-and eastward as far as Japan.The word rook comes from the Persian "rukh", which mean "chariot".

      Flying Machine

A thousand years before the Wright Brothers, a Muslim poet, astronomer, musician and engineer named Abbas Ibn Firnas made several attempts to construct a flying machine. In AD 852, he jumped from the minaret of Grand mosque in Cordoba using a loose cloak stiffened with wooden struts. He hoped to glide like a bird. He didn't. But the cloak slowed his fall, creating what is thought to be first parachute, and leaving him with only some minor injuries. In AD 875, aged 70, having perfected a machine of silk  and eagles' feathers, he tried again, jumping from a mountain. He flew to a significant height and stayed aloft for ten minutes but crashed on landing_concluding, correctly, that it was because he had not given his device a tail so it would stall on landing.

   

                                                   University

In AD 859, a young princess named Fatima al-Firhi founded the first degree-granting university in Fez, Morocco. Her sister Miriam founded an adjacent mosque and together the complex became  the al-Qarawiyyin mosque and university. still operating almost 1,200 years later, the center will will remind people that learning is at the core of Islamic traditions and that the story of the al-Firhi sisters will inspire young Muslim women around the world.

                                         Optics

Many of the most important advances in the study of optics are from the Muslim world. Around the year 1000, Ibn al-Haitham proved that humans see objects by light reflecting off of them and entering the eye, dismissing Euclid and Ptolemy's theories that light was emitted from the eye itself. This great Muslim physicist also discovered the camera obscura phenomenon, which explains how the sees images up-right due to the connection between the optic nerve and the brain.

                             

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